Biochemistry Chapter 1 (Biochemistry and the Unity of Life) Review Students should know the following terms. 1.1 Atoms and Molecules elements biological fuels carbon 1.2 Biomolecules proteins functions amino acids peptide bonds catalysts enzymes nucleic acids functions nucleotides sugar base phosphoryl group deoxyribonucleic acid ACGT A-T & C-G ribonucleic acid ACGU lipids hydrophilic & hydrophobic functions carbohydrates functions glucose - glycogen & starch 1.3 Central Dogma genome genes replication transcription RNA polymerase translation ribosomes 1.4 Membranes lipid bilayer eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cells plasma membrane plant cell wall cytoplasm organelles nucleus mitochondrion chloroplast process and sorting organelles endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex secretory granules endosome lysosomes plant vacuoles Biochemistry Chapter 2 (Water, Weak Bonds, & the Generation of Order Out of Chaos) Review Students should know the following terms. 2.1 Thermal Motions Power Biological Interactions Brownian motion water 2.2 Biochemical Interaction Take Place in an Aqueous Solution H2O partial- and partial+ hydrogen bond nonpolar, hydrophobic 2.3 Weak Interactions are Important Biochemical Properties electrostatic interactions ionic bonds, salt bridges 3 hydrogen bonds O & N 1.5-2.6 , 2-5 kcal/mol van der Walls interactions asymmetric electronic charge contact distance 3-4 , 0.5-1 kcal/mol "stability in numbers" easily broken 2.4 Hydrophobic Molecules Cluster Together entropy membrane formation amphipathic protein folding Functional Groups Table 2.1 (plus a few more) methyl disulfide ester acetyl hydroxyl aldehyde keto carboxyl amino phosphate sulfhydryl