Transcription

   I. Nucleic Acids
      A. Differences
      B. Gene
         1. coding region
      C. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
      D. Template
      E. RNA structure
         1. hairpins
         2. stem-loop

  II. Structure Overview
      A. At DNA level
         1. +1
         2. upstream = 5'
         3. downstream = 3'
      B. At RNA level
         1. transcript
         2. 5' & 3'
      C. Error rate

 III. Transcription Overview
      1. initiation
         a. transcription bubble
      2. strand elongation
         a. pyrophosphate
         b. stability
      3. termination

  IV. Types of RNA
      A. Regulating RNA molecules
         1. micro RNAs = miRNA
            a. RISC
         2. snRNA
         3. lncRNA
      B. siRNA
         1. RNAi
            a. dicer
               1) RITS

   V. Transcription and Gene Structure
      A. Amplification
      B. Prokaryotic transcription
         1. RNA polymerase
            a. sigma factor
         2. promoter
         3. terminator
         4. operon
            a. polycinstronic
      C. Eukaryotic transcription
         1. Transcription-control regions
            a. promoter
            b. control elements
            c. enhancers
         2. RNA polymerases
         3. general transcription factors
            a. TFIID
            b. TFIIB
            c. TFIIH
         4. Enhancers

  VI. RNA Processing
      A. Prokaryotic
         1. polycistronic
      B. Eukaryotic
            a. monocistronic
         1. RNA cap
            a. process
            b. why
         2. polyadenylation
            a. sequences
            b. cleavage/polyadenylation complex 
               1) poly(A) polymerase (PAP)
            c. poly(A) tail
         3. RNA splicing
            a. introns & exons
               1) recognition seqs
            b. spliceosome
               1) snRNAs
               2) snRNPs
            c. process
               1) lariat structure
            d. alternative splicing
         4. export
               a.  export proteins

 VII. RNA degradation
      A. Half life
      B. Pathways of mRNA degradation
         1. deadenylation
         2. deadenylation-independent decapping pathway
         3. endonucleolytic pathway
      C. Additional control
         1. miRNAs 
         2. siRNAs
         3. half life control