Chemistry Chapter 2 I. Introduction II. Background A. Energy B. Matter 1. Elements a. Chemical (atomic) symbols III. Atom A. Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons 1. Atomic Number (Z) B. Isotopes IV. Electrons A. Electron orbitals (shells) B. Orbital capacities V. Bonds A. Bond Background 1. Ion a. cation b. anion B. Ionic bond C. Covalent Bond VI. Polar & Nonpolar A. Nonpolar covalent bonds B. Polar covalent bonds 1. Electronegativity C. Consequences 1. Solubilities a. solute b. solvent D. Hydrogen Bonds VII. Chemical Reactions 1. Reactant 2. Product A. Types of reactions 1. Synthesis reaction a. Anabolism 2. Decomposition reaction a. Catabolism 3. Exchange reaction B. Metabolism