Microbial Genetics                                     Chapter 8

   I. Overview
      A.Genome
      B. Chromosome
      C. Gene
         1. functional units
            a. mRNA
            b. tRNA
            c. rRNA
      D. Central dogma of molecular biology
      E. Genotype
      F. Phenotype

  II. DNA
      A. Location
      B. Composition
      C. Structure review
         1. nucleotide
            a. deoxyribose
            b. phosphate group
            c. base
         2. double helix
         3. complementary base pairing
      D. Replication
         1. DNA helicase
         2. DNA polymerase
         3. DNA ligase
         4. bidirectional
            1) antiparallel
         5. semiconservative replication
         6. accuracy

 III. Gene Expression
      A. Transcription
            a. RNA review
         1. the process of Transcription
            a. Initiation
               1) RNA polymerase
                  a) promoter
            b. Elongation
            c. Termination
               1) terminator
         2. gene structure
            a. operon
            b. polycistronic
      B. Translation
         1. components
            a. mRNA
            b. ribosomes
            c. tRNA
               1) folding
                  a) cloverleaf
               2) anticodon
               3) charging
         2. genetic code
            a. codon
         3. the process of Translation
            a. Initiation
                1) AUG 
            b. Elongation
                1) P-site
                2) A-site
                3) E-site
            c. Termination
                1) stop codon

  IV. Mutation
      A. Types
         1. point mutation
            a. silent
            b. neutral
            c. missense
            d. nonsense
         2. frameshift
      B. Causes
         1. spontaneous
         2. mutagens
            1) UV - thymine dimer
      C. Identifying mutants
         1. positive (direct) selection
         2. negative (indirect) selection
            a. auxotroph
         3. Ames test

   V. Genetic Recombination
      A. Transformation
         1. Frederick Griffith
      B. Conjugation
      C. Transfection