Innate Immunity          Chapter 16

   I. Definitions
      A. Innate (Natural) Immunity
      B. Adaptive Immunity

  II. Non-Specific Host Defenses
      A. First line defenses
         1. Physical barriers
            a. skin
            b. mucous membranes
            c. saliva
         2. Chemical Factors
            a. sebum
            b. salt
            c. lysozyme
      B. Normal Flora

 III. Formed Elements
      A. Hematopoietic stem cell
      B. Erythrocyte
      C. Megakaryocyte
         1. Platelets
      D. White Blood Cells = Leukocytes
         1. Granulocytes
            a. Eosinophils
            b. Basophils
            c. Neutrophils
         2. Agranulocytes
            a. Monocytes
               1) macrophages
               2) dendritic cells
            b. Lymphocytes
            c. Natural killer (NK) cells

  IV. Cell Communication
      A. Cytokines
         1. receptors
      B. Examples
         1. Chemokines
         2. Colony-stimulating factors
         3. Interferons
         4. Interleukins
         5. Tumor necrosis factors
      C. Adhesion molecules

   V. Phagocytosis
      A. Phagocytes
      B. Process
         1. adherence
         2. ingestion
            a. pseudopods
            b. phagosome
         3. phagolysosome

  VI. Inflammation
      A. Signs
      B. Purpose
      C. Process
         1. Dilation
         2. Leukocyte migration
            a. tumbling
            b. diapedesis
         3. pus
      D. Hallmarks
         1. acute inflammation
         2. chronic inflammation
      E. Outcomes
            a. sepsis

 VII. Fever 

VIII. Sensor Systems
      A. Toll-Like Receptors
      B. Complement System
         1. Classical pathway
         2. Alternative pathway
            a. C3b
            b. membrane attack complex (MAC)