Chapter 7 - Environmental biotechnology

1. Introduction
   1. Waste generation trends
   2. Treatment in the past
   3. Environmental biotechnology
      1. definition
      2. microbes involved
      3. current research
      4. regulatory constraints
2. Microbial ecology / environmental biotechnology
   1. definition
   1. Biodegradation
      1. definition
      2. microbes involved
      3. microbial initial step
   2. Biotech processes developed
      1. current focus
   3. Recalcitrant
   4. Xenobiotics
   5. Biodegradable
      1. conditions
3. Waste water and sewage treatment
   1. Cholera
   2. Treatment systems
      1. cesspits
      2. septic tanks
      3. sewage farms
      4. gravel beds
      5. percolating filters
      6. activated sludge process with anaerobic digestion
   3. Aim
   4. Organisms
   5. Size
      1. recognition
   6. Digestion reactor stages
   7. Percolating or trickling filter bioreactor
   8. Water
   9. Treatment of liquid wastes vocabulary - Table 7.2
      1. BOD
      2. Mixed liquor
      3. Sludge
      4. Nitrification
      5. Denitrification
      6. Anoxic
      7. AnaerobicLandfill technologies
   10. Solid wastes
       1. decomposition
   11. Strategies
       1. primary recycling
       2. secondary recycling
       3. tertiary recycling
       4. landfilling
   12. Anaerobic landfill technology
       1. methane
   13. Current Regs.
       1. sealed
       2. monitoring
       3. bioreactor vessels
4. Composting
   1. definition
   1. Process
   2. Biomass / substrate
   3. Product uses
   4. Process
      1. arrangements
         1. static piles
         2. aerated piles
         3. covered tunnels
         4. rotating bioreactors
      2. pretreatment
      3. biological reactions
   5. Goals
      1. problem
      2. moisture level
   6. Criteria for future expansion
   7. Anaerobic composting
      1. process
5. Bioremediation
   1. Contaminations
      1. contaminated soils
         1. definition
   2. Compounds
      1. biomagnification
   3. Environmental forensics
      1. definition
      2. why do
   4. Biotech involvement
   5. Approaches
   6. Soil remediation
      1. on-site
      2. off-site
      3. past strategies
      4. biological methods
         1. bioremediation, biorestoration, bioreclamation or biotreatment
         2. microbes usedApplications
      5. promotion of growth
      6. enrichment
      7. addition of microbes
         1. difficulties
      8. genetically engineered microorganisms
         1. problems
         2. examples
   7. Plant remediation
      1. why use
      2. what removed
   8. Land mine detection story
6. Detection and monitoring of pollutants
   1. Traditional
   2. Microbial biosensors
   3. Immunoassays
   4. DNA
7. Microbes and the geological environment
   1. Why identify microbes present
   2. Acid mine drainage
   3. Bleaching
      1. definition
      2. minerals isolated
      3. process goal
      4. other name
      5. oxidation of mineral sulfides
      6. organism example
      7. Process
         1. disadvantage
      8. potential use
   4. Prospecting using microbes
   5. Oil removal
      1. secondary removal techniques
      2. tertiary removal techniques
   6. Metal (bio)accumulators
      1. definition
      2. process
      3. phytomining
8. Environmental sustainability and clean technology
   1. Application levels
      1. Pollution celan-up
      2. Pollution control
      3. Pollution protection
   2. Attention shift
   3. Questions