Diuretics

   I. Overview
      A. Homeostasis
      B. Kidney function
         1. nephron
            a. glomerulus -> filtrate 
            b. Bowman's capsule
            c. proximal convoluted tubule
            d. descending loop of Henle
            e. ascending loop of Henle
            f. distal convoluted tubule
            g. collecting ducts
               1) antidiuretic hormone
         2. secretion
      C. Diuretics

  II. Glomerulus
      A. Osmotic Diuretics
         1. mannitol  (Osmitrol)

 III. Proximal tubule diuretics
      A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
         1. Acetazolamide

  IV. Loop Diuretics
      A. High-ceiling diuretics
      B. Mode of action
      C. Drugs
         1. furosemide  (Lasix)
         2. bumetanide (Bumex)
         3. torsemide (Demadex)
         4. ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
      D. Uses
      E. Pharmacokinetics
      F. Adverse effects
         1. hypokalemia

   V. Distal Convoluted Tubule Diuretics = Thiazides
      A. Drugs
         1. hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
         2. chlorthalidone (Thalitone)
         3. metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
      B. Mechanism of action
      C. Hypertension link

  VI. Collecting Tubule Diuretics = Potassium-sparing Diuretics
      A. Normal physiology - Aldosterone
      B. Aldosterone antagonists
         1. spironolactone (Aldactone)
         2. eplerenone (Inspra)
      C. Sodium channel blockers
         1. triamterene (Dyrenium)
         2. amiloride (Midamor)