Antihypertensives                                      Chapter 17

   I. Physiology Background
      A. Hypertension
      B. Levels of control

  II. Vascular resistance modifiers
      A. Physiology pathway
         1. angiotensinogen
         2. juxtaglomerular cells
         3. renin
         4. angiotensin I
         5. ACE
         6. angiotensin II
            a. actions
         7. AT1
         8. Ca++ channels
      B. Renin inhibitor
         1. Aliskiren (Tekturna)
      C. ACE inhibitors
         1. action
         2. pharmacokinetics
         3. adverse effects
         4. drugs
            1) Captopril (Capoten)
            a. Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
            b. Enalapril (Vasotec)
            c. Quinapril (Accupril)
      D. ARBs
            a. Losartan (Cozaar)
            b. Valsartan (Diovan)
      E. Ca++ channel blockers
         1. Classes
            1) Verapamil (Calan, Isoprin, Verelan)
            2) Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Dilacor)
            3) Amlodipine (Norvasc)
         2. Actions

 III. Cardiac output modification
      A. Background
      B. Andrenergic receptors
         1. classes
      C. alpha-blockers
      D. beta-andrenoceptor-blocking agents
         a. Propanolol (Inderal, Innopran)
         b. cardio selective
            1) Atenolol (Tenormin)
            2) Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL)
            3) Nebivolol (Bystolic)
         1. adverse effects